Xenophobia isn’t always loud or obvious. Sometimes, it shows up in the form of jokes, subtle exclusions, or stereotypes—and it harms real people. But what exactly is xenophobia?
Xenophobia is the irrational fear or hatred of people from cultures or countries different than one’s own, or who are simply perceived as foreign or different from oneself or the dominant cultural group. It often shows up as harmful stereotypes, discriminatory practices, and exclusionary policies that not only hurt individuals in your workplace but weaken our broader society’s fabric. Xenophobic comments, behaviors, and attitudes lead to othering, where the dominant group views and treats a marginalized group as fundamentally different or inferior. Here are five common ways xenophobia can manifest in professional spaces—and thoughtful ways we can reframe and reflect on these harmful behaviors to foster change.
Stereotyping Based on National Origin
Example: Making assumptions about someone’s behavior, work style, or skills based solely on stereotypes about their nationality.
Reframe: Consider each person as an individual rather than as a representative of their country or culture. Reflect on how stereotypes may limit your view of others and challenge yourself to be curious about the unique experiences each person brings to the table.
Language and Accent Discrimination
Example: Belittling someone’s accent or questioning their competence based on how they speak English (or any other language). This includes mocking accents or making assumptions about intelligence based on language proficiency.
Reframe: Accents are a part of someone’s identity that reflects a rich background, and tell stories about who they are - stories that might have the potential to completely change your perspective. Consistently practice, model, and encourage active listening in all your interactions.
Exclusion from Social or Professional Networks
Example: Excluding employees from networking opportunities, social gatherings, or important meetings based on perceived cultural or language differences.
Reframe: Stay mindful of whether you’re creating inclusive spaces in both formal and informal settings. How can you ensure you’re fostering connections between all colleagues?
Microaggressions, Harmful Jokes, & Stereotypes
Example: Making jokes or comments about someone’s immigration status, such as questioning if they’re “allowed to work here” or assuming they’re on a temporary visa. Making jokes rooted in harmful stereotypes, such as suggesting that immigrants eat pets or are “taking jobs.” These statements are not only untrue but deeply damaging.
Reframe: Challenge yourself to recognize when “jokes” cross the line into hurtful stereotypes, or when comments and questions might make someone feel othered or unwelcome. Ask yourself: How can I intervene when I hear harmful stereotypes, and what can I do to create a safer environment for everyone? How can I shift the focus to someone’s unique contributions rather than allow them to be reduced to their immigration story or tropes about their country of origin?
Undervaluing Foreign Credentials or Experience
Example: Dismissing the education or work experience of an employee from another country, implying it doesn’t “measure up” to local standards.
Reframe: Appreciate the unique perspectives and approaches that global experience brings to a team. Take a moment to consider how foreign credentials might represent skills and expertise that enrich your organization, giving the diverse experiences of your colleagues the recognition they deserve.
Why This Matters:
Creates Hostile Environments: Xenophobia marginalizes individuals, trapping them in cycles of isolation by limiting their access to opportunities and a sense of belonging.
Perpetuates Harmful Stereotypes: Laughing at or accepting stereotypes about immigrants distorts the true diversity of immigrant cultures and reinforces prejudices.
Undermines Social Cohesion: Divisive attitudes erode workplace and community bonds, making it harder to build supportive, inclusive environments for everyone.
A Call to Reflection & Action
Where have I witnessed or perhaps unintentionally participated in xenophobic attitudes or behaviors? How can I challenge myself to recognize and reframe these biases within myself and in my surroundings?
How will I help to create a culture where everyone’s unique background and identity are not only acknowledged but celebrated? How can I learn about and appreciate someone’s skills without relying on assumptions?
Reflect on the impact that seemingly "small" actions, such as challenging a harmful joke or valuing & validating someone’s unique experience, could have on creating an environment where marginalized voices feel safe, valued, and respected.
Go beyond acknowledgment and commit to making changes in our own workplaces and communities. Advocate for fair treatment, support policies that address xenophobia, and create spaces where all voices are respected and everyone can thrive.
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